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| Wąsosz pogrom ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Wąsosz pogrom
The Wąsosz pogrom was the mass murder of Jewish residents of Wąsosz in Nazi German occupied Poland that took place on 5 July 1941, during World War II.
== Circumstances surrounding the pogrom ==
When Nazi Germany invaded Poland in 1939, the village of Wąsosz (Podlaskie Voivodeship) was taken by the Germans in the second week of the war.〔 At the end of September, in accordance with the German–Soviet Boundary Treaty, the area was transferred by the Nazis to the Soviet Union.〔
The Soviet Union invaded Poland from the East two weeks earlier, on 17 September 1939, pursuant to the secret protocol of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact. The Red Army overran 52.1% of territory of Poland with over 13,700,000 inhabitants. The Soviet occupation zone included 5.1 million ethnic Poles (ca. 38%), 37% Ukrainians, 14.5% Belarusians, 8.4% Jews, 0.9% Russians and 0.6% Germans. There were also 336,000 refugees who escaped to eastern Poland from areas already occupied by Germany – most of them Polish Jews numbering at around 198,000.〔, also in ''Wrocławskie Studia Wschodnie'', Wrocław, 1997〕 Soon thereafter, the Soviet secret police began spreading terror throughout the region. Polish prisoners of war were massacred.〔Sanford, p. 23; (Olszyna-Wilczyński Józef Konstanty ), Encyklopedia PWN. Retrieved 14 November 2006.〕〔 Polish Institute of National Remembrance. Retrieved 16 July 2007.〕 In less than two years the Soviet NKVD conducted mass deportations of up to 1.5 million ethnic Poles to Siberia,〔Jerzy Jan Lerski, Piotr Wróbel, Richard J. Kozicki, ''Historical Dictionary of Poland, 966-1945'', Greenwood Publishing Group, 1996, ISBN 0-313-26007-9, (Google Print, 538 )〕 with some of the local people collaborating with them, including some Jews who formed armed militias.〔 The 90th session of the Senate of the Republic of Poland. (Stenograph, part 2.2. ) A Report by Leon Kieres, president of the Institute of National Remembrance, for the period from 1 July 2000 to 30 June 2001. Donald Tusk presiding.〕〔Joshua D. Zimmerman, ( ''Contested memories: Poles and Jews during the Holocaust and its aftermath'' (page 65) ), Rutgers University Press, 2003, ISBN 0-8135-3158-6〕 There were also instances of Jewish Communists denouncing ethnic Poles to the Soviets.〔Iwo Cyprian Pogonowski, ("Jedwabne: The Politics of Apology" ), presented at the Panel Jedwabne – A Scientific Analysis, Polish Institute of Arts and Sciences in America, Inc., June 8, 2002, Georgetown University, Washington DC.〕〔Tomasz Strzembosz, 〕
Following the Nazi German invasion of the Soviet Union, German Wehrmacht re-entered Wąsosz on 22 June 1941. At that time, 800 Jews lived in the town according to the one and only one existing deposition.〔 Wojewódzka Żydowska Komisja Historyczna w Białymstoku, 14 VI 1946 roku. ''(deposition by Menachem Finkelsztajn; commentary by prof. Tomasz Strzembosz)'' 47. ŻIH.〕〔Translation from Polish: ( "Reported by Menachem Finkelsztajn / Born in Radzilow, age 22 / Extermination of Jews in the Districts of Grajewo and Lomza in July, 1941." ) The District Jewish Historical Committee Bialystok, June 14, 1946 No. 5/46. ''Publisher makes no representations regarding the accuracy of the translation.''〕
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